The fourth national cultural relics census was launched not long ago. The census will cover aboveground, underground and underwater immovable cultural relics. Nanjing is one of China's "four ancient capitals" and one of the first national historical and cultural cities. Listen to the former deputy director of the Nanjing Municipal Bureau of Cultural Relics, Yang Xinhua, who has been engaged in cultural heritage work for more than 30 years, talk about the extraordinary road Nanjing has traveled in the successive national cultural relics census.
Three censuses of 55 "national security"
Nanjing people enthusiastically surrendered cultural relics
- Nanjing has 55 national key cultural relics protection units;
- There are 114 provincial cultural relics protection units;
- Municipal cultural relics protection units have reached more than 400 ......
They are all closely related to the three national cultural relics census. Yang Xinhua has participated in the "two" and "three" two national cultural relics census. According to his introduction, "a universal" at that time, although the census object is immovable cultural relics, but in Nanjing, there is still the phenomenon of the masses enthusiastically handed over and donated movable cultural relics.
The area covered by the "Second Census" was significantly larger than that of the "First Census", basically realizing an overall mastery of the country's cultural relics resources. Through this census, Nanjing cultural institutions to strengthen the team, the establishment of cultural relics file tends to improve the level of cultural relics protection and management has also been significantly improved. For Nanjing, "three" significance is extraordinary, with the accelerated urbanization of Nanjing and large-scale urban and rural construction, it is a comprehensive grasp of the city's immovable cultural relics of the number, distribution, characteristics, preservation of the status quo, the environmental situation and other basic information, accurately determine the situation of cultural relics protection as well as the scientific development of cultural relics protection policies and planning It provides scientific support.
It is worth mentioning that the census of cultural relics also left a lot of precious historical materials for Nanjing, Yang Xinhua himself has compiled 50 or 60 books, including "Nanjing Ming City Wall", "Nanjing Ming and Qing Dynasty Architecture", "the King of Robert's Tomb", "the essence of the Jinling inscriptions", etc., for the follow-up study of Nanjing cultural relics has laid a solid foundation.
"Annihilated" for more than a hundred years
Stone turtle opens up the promotion of "national security" journey
In recent years, Nanjing has attached great importance to the protection of the Maritime Silk Road - Chinese Historic Sites and its inscription. As an important center city on the Maritime Silk Road, Nanjing has a large number of closely related historical relics, listed as the first batch of heritage sites of the Longjiang Shipyard site, the Tomb of the King of Pushing Mud, are closely related to the first national cultural relics census.
According to Yang Xinhua introduction, May 12, 1958, Nanjing cultural relics workers in the southern suburbs of the cultural relics census, fortunate enough to find the "annihilation" of more than a hundred years of the King of gushing mud tomb. At that time, the census staff in the vicinity of the encounter with several farmers, a farmer told him since childhood heard the legend: "We call this mountain Turtle Hill, there is a stone turtle on the mountain ......" stone tortoise, is the ancient princes and ministers of the tomb of the standard.
According to the farmer's instructions, the census workers climbed up the Turtle Hill and found the headless stone turtle. After repeated research and analysis, this anonymous tomb was finally confirmed to be the burial place of the new King of Pushing Nai, Ma Na Jagga Na Nai.
Nowadays, King Robert's Tomb has a solemn and elegant environment, not only is it a national key cultural relics protection unit, but also, as a Maritime Silk Road heritage site, it continues to carry out heritage monitoring data collection and entry with the empowerment of high technology and big data.
From "city defense project" to "cultural relics"
The unsolved case of the centuries-long length of the Ming City Wall is solved
It is the second national cultural relics census carried out, the Ming City Wall for the first time as "cultural relics" rather than city defense projects into people's eyes.
Since the beginning of the "second universal", Nanjing has increased investment in the maintenance of the city wall and remediation of the surrounding environment.
- In 2004, the "Nanjing Ming City Wall Scenic Zone Plan" was implemented and was honored as "China Habitat Environment Example Award".
- In 2006, completed the Feasibility Study Report on the Declaration of the World Cultural Heritage of the Ming City Wall of Nanjing.
"The length of the Nanjing City Wall has traditionally been claimed differently, and the length of the Nanjing City Wall was measured to be 33.676 kilometers at the time of the 'Second Universal'." Through cooperation with the then Jiangsu Provincial Bureau of Surveying and Mapping, the final measurements resolved the unsolved case of the length of the Nanjing City Wall since the Ming Dynasty.
In 2016, with the cohesion of the researchers for many years of hard work of China's Ming and Qing Dynasty city walls bidding text submitted to the State Administration of Cultural Heritage, Nanjing led China's Ming and Qing Dynasty city walls joint bidding pace, and took a big step forward.
Now, the Nanjing City Wall Protection Management Center built the "Nanjing City Wall 'one map' cultural heritage digital archive system", based on GIS geographic information system, the establishment of the earliest Nanjing City Wall cultural heritage digital archives. At the same time, the wall of Nanjing history, geography, repair and other full-dimensional data integration in the "one map", built the wall of Nanjing "one map" heritage resource management platform for the protection of cultural heritage of the wall of Nanjing, research, display and utilization of accurate data support.
Important new discoveries in the "Three Surveys"
Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge and Jinling Hotel
Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge and Jinling Hotel are both landmark buildings in Nanjing, in the third national cultural relics census, are listed as important "new discoveries" of immovable cultural relics in Nanjing.
Although the Jinling Hotel was only completed and opened in 1983, and the Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge was opened to traffic in 1968, they both carry extremely rich cultural connotations. Jinling Hotel is the forerunner of China's modern hotels, once the central landmark of Nanjing city; Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge is significant for the history of China's bridges, as small as a nail, as large as the data of the road and railroad load-bearing, are our technicians independent production and design.
Even so, when they were listed as cultural heritage more than a decade ago, they were still ridiculed by many people. Yang Xinhua said that the early inclusion of the Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge and Jinling Hotel in the immovable cultural relics is conducive to intervene before it is too late to protect them scientifically.
In October 2016, Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge Highway Bridge entered the closed maintenance and reconstruction stage, and its Highway Bridge Maintenance and Cultural Relics Protection Project was successfully selected as the fifth "National Excellent Monuments and Sites Protection Project". This is the highest award in the field of China's cultural relics protection project.
Today, Jinling Hotel is the youngest district-level general immovable cultural relics in Nanjing, and Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge is the youngest Nanjing municipal-level cultural heritage units, Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge has also been selected as one of the "first batch of China's 20th Century Architectural Heritage List" and "the first batch of China's Industrial Heritage Protection List It was also selected as one of the "First Chinese 20th Century Architectural Heritage List" and "First Chinese Industrial Heritage Protection List".
Fourth National Cultural Relics Census
What "cultural landscape" will be discovered in Nanjing?
The fourth national cultural relics census has kicked off in addition to covering the ground, underground, underwater immovable cultural relics and follow the principle of "should be guaranteed as much as possible" this census of cultural relics scope, connotation and object have been expanding the innovative
The fourth national cultural relics census for the first time explicitly included "cultural landscape" as the object of the census, including "the combination of harmonious interaction and unity with the natural environment that is intentionally designed and created for aesthetic, social and cultural reasons" and "As important physical evidence of historical evolution and development, they have evolved from their initial social needs to their current form through their connection or adaptation to the surrounding natural environment, and play an active role in the close integration of today's society and traditional lifestyles".
Industry experts believe that Nanjing, as the world's "literary capital", in a number of appreciable and readable historical sites, is bound to usher in an important "new discovery" of relevant cultural relics.
